In addition, WHO and UNICEF now recommend home visits by a skilled health worker during a baby's first week of life to improve newborn survival. Skilled health care during pregnancy, childbirth and in the postnatal (immediately following birth) period prevents complications for mother and newborn, and allows for early detection and management of problems. Most of these newborns die at home, without skilled care that could greatly increase their chances for survival. The vast majority of newborn deaths take place in developing countries where access to health care is low. Up to two thirds of newborn deaths can be prevented if known, effective health measures are provided at birth and during the first week of life.In developing countries nearly half of all mothers and newborns do not receive skilled care during and immediately after birth.Three quarters of all newborn deaths occur in the first week of life.Every year nearly 45% of all under 5 child deaths are among newborn infants, babies in their first 28 days of life or the neonatal period.Half of the Region’s newborn deaths occur in just five countries – Nigeria, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, United Republic of Tanzania and Uganda. Of the 11 countries with preterm birth rates of over 15%, all but two are in the Region. Early initiation of breastfeeding-within one hour of birth-can protect the newborn from acquiring infections and significantly reduces infant mortality. Nearly half of all newborns do not receive skilled care during and immediately after birth and up to two thirds of deaths can be prevented. Preventative antiretroviral therapy (ART) can help prevent otherwise high transmission rates. Many newborns that are born prematurely are more susceptible to infections such as HIV. These causes account for nearly 80% of the deaths in this age group. The main causes include prematurity and low-birth-weight, infections, lack of oxygen at birth, and birth trauma. In the African Region, 1.12 million newborn deaths occur annually. Approximately 75% of all newborn deaths occur during the first week of life, and up to 45% occur within the first 24 hours. During these first 28 days of life, the child is at the highest risk of dying. With most mechanical ventilators, babies can still breathe on their own.A newborn infant, or neonate, is a child under 28 days of age. The ventilator provides a mixture of oxygen and air which is pumped through a tube into the windpipe and then drawn out, replicating the natural pattern of breathing. Mechanical ventilation is used for premature babies who are too weak to breathe on their own.While the air pressure is higher than a standard nasal cannula, CPAP is only used for babies who can breathe on their own. The main goal of CPAP therapy is to keep the premature lungs properly inflated. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is a type of respiratory support that blows a constant flow of air into the baby's lungs through a mask or a nasal cannula.This type of system is indicated in babies who can breathe on their own but need additional airflow to either keep the lungs open or maintain a consistent level of oxygen in the blood. A nasal cannula is a thin plastic tube that delivers oxygen directly into the nostrils. Nasal cannula is one of the least invasive forms of respiratory support.
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